Research for owners of compounding businesses.

Independent research on the companies building and scaling artificial intelligence, written for buy-side portfolio managers and underwritten the way an owner would: by moats, by management, and by the return each new dollar of capital earns.

“Is AI a bubble?” is the wrong question

The question is asked as if it had a yes-or-no answer. It does not. What we see is a set of very different assets growing at rates public markets have not recorded before, priced by a market that is paying partly for that growth and partly out of fear of being disrupted. Some of those prices are exaggerated. Some are cheap. The average of the two tells you nothing about either.

AI is the largest capital deployment cycle since the internet build-out of the 1990s. High valuations are what that flow of capital looks like from the outside. Our job is to take the question apart one company at a time: how much of today’s price is growth you can trace to cash flows, how much is fear, and how much is neither. Separating signal from noise inside that volatility is the whole of our work.

How we measure risk

We do not measure risk by volatility. A stock that fell 30% in a quarter did not become riskier that quarter. The thesis behind it either held or it did not, and only the second case is a loss. We measure risk by thesis, on three things:

Moats

What stops a competitor with unlimited capital from taking this business’s customers, and is that barrier getting wider or narrower as the technology moves?

Management

Do the people allocating the capital think like owners, tell the truth when the numbers are bad, and say no to growth that does not earn its cost?

Value per unit of capital

Return on invested capital, and above all the return on the next unit of capital the company deploys. A business earning 40% on its old capital and 8% on its new capital is destroying value while its income statement grows. The marginal return is the number we underwrite.

The risks we take seriously

  • Technological displacementIn a period of heavy investment and fast change, the risk of permanent loss of principal is real. The only defence is knowledge: of the technologies themselves, of the views of the people building and using them, and of the pace at which new entrants arrive with the potential to reset a market. Producing that knowledge is most of what we do.
  • LeverageDebt turns a bad year into a permanent loss. We look at gross debt, at leases and purchase commitments that behave like debt, and at who else is levered to the same demand.
  • Political and regulatoryExport controls, antitrust, data rules and industrial policy can change the economics of a business faster than competition can. We follow them as inputs to the thesis, not as headlines.
  • Entry pricePaying too much on the way in can be fatal to the return on capital no matter how good the business is. Every thesis we publish starts with an explicit statement of what the price already assumes.
  • Money supplyThis is the risk most value investors leave out, and we do not. See the next section.

What we do not treat as risk

Sharp short-term moves in market prices. With this much uncertainty, anxiety and geopolitical noise, a negative quarter or half-year of 30% followed by a half-year of +50% is normal, not exceptional. We treat it as the price of the return, and as the moment a thesis you already understand becomes cheap or dear. Telling those two apart, in public and in writing, is what the research is for.

Why equity, and what kind

We would rather own assets that appreciate and grow than hold claims on money, and we think most readers would too. A bond promises to pay you back in a currency whose supply nobody controls. To know what that promise is worth, you need an inflation rate, and the official rate is the average of a basket that is not yours. You have to estimate it yourself. We do, and we hold it against every yield we are offered.

Among assets that grow, we prefer technological growth and digital scale: businesses whose next unit costs little to produce, whose distribution is global from the first day, and whose returns on capital rise rather than fall as they get larger.

Money supply risk sits inside our theses and our valuations, not beside them. We follow it and we measure it. Most value investors treat it as background. We treat it as a variable, and it is one of the things that makes our work different.

The horizon we write for: forever, underwritten three years at a time

The holding period we write for is forever. Our measuring stick is a three-year internal rate of return. The two do not conflict. The three-year thesis is what we underwrite and what we can be held to. The quality work, on moats, management and returns on new capital, is the insurance that lets us roll that three-year thesis forward, again and again, for as long as it keeps being true.

We say this openly: we underwrite expecting the thesis to roll forward. It rolls only while it is earned, and we publish the year it stops.

What Buffett got right, and what came later

Warren Buffett got the fundamentals right. Buy businesses, not tickers. Price matters. Hold through the noise. Stay inside what you understand. We build on all of it.

What he saw late, and said so himself, was the scale of value that global platform, digital and technology companies would create. Over the last thirty to forty years they have outperformed almost every other asset class available to a public investor. Artificial intelligence extends that record: capital deployed into compute, models and distribution is earning returns at rates that were not imaginable when the value-investing playbook was written. Our work is to apply that playbook to those returns.

The humans in the loop

CoreValue Research is led by researchers. Our job is to produce intelligence for buy-side portfolio managers, not to run their money. Discretionary management sits elsewhere, at CoreValue Capital, and that is also what finances this research. The separation is deliberate: it is what allows us to publish a conclusion without a book to defend, and to write about every company on the same terms, whoever happens to hold it.

Independent does not mean distant. We are in the loop every day: the morning news before the open, every conference call of every company we cover, and every event and interview we can reach. We also go to the people actually deploying these technologies, through our own proprietary expert network, because the engineers and buyers installing this equipment see the demand long before it reaches a quarterly report. Nothing on this site is published without one of us having read the filing it rests on.

How we use AI

We use artificial intelligence intensively, and we would rather say so plainly than leave a reader wondering. Not one assistant but a set of agents, working the way very fast, very literal analysts would: they read filings line by line, rebuild our data from the source documents, chart what they find, and hold every draft against the evidence underneath it. They are the reason a house this size can cover what we cover, at the depth we cover it.

The utility we see is not speed for its own sake. The hard part of this work was never the reading. It was carrying what we see out of our own heads and onto a page someone else can act on, in the time the information is still worth something. That distance has collapsed, and we think that is transformational, for this house and for the profession.

Above all, the agents are instructed to argue against us. Every thesis is put to a model whose brief is to find the evidence that breaks it, before we publish rather than after.

There is a second reason we use them this deeply, and it is the one that matters most for what you read here. We cover the companies building this technology. Using it every day, at the edge of what it can do, is part of how we form a view on what it is worth: our opinions on AI rest on being heavy users of it, not on watching it from outside. Wherever technology can be added to the job of an analyst, we add it. The judgment about what a business is worth, and what would have to be true to pay that price, stays with us. And none of it publishes itself: nothing goes up without one of us having read the filing underneath it.

Why we publish

We believe people should earn their money from returns on capital, not only from their labour. The practical consequence is that most people would be better served by more exposure to equity, in whatever form suits them: direct ownership, funds, or a stake in the company they work for. Independent research is what makes that exposure a decision instead of a bet. That is why we write, and why we publish our numbers, our sources and our mistakes.

We write for two readers at once: the buy-side portfolio manager who needs the work underneath a position, and the individual who wants to own good businesses and be able to say why. The second reader is the reason we explain our terms. The first is the reason we never round them off.

Our values

Alignment, stated plainly

We write as if the reader’s capital were our own. The people who finance this research invest their own money in the sector we cover, and we would rather disclose that than claim a distance nobody really has.

Intellectual honesty

We publish the evidence against our own thesis. When we are wrong we say so in the next report, not in a footnote three years later.

Continuous learning

The technology changes faster than the analysts covering it. We spend most of our time reading filings, talking to builders and users, and rebuilding our models from source.

Long-term relationships

We would rather have a reader for ten years than a subscriber for one.

Start with the research

Independent equity research specialised in the global technology sector, built for buy-side portfolio managers and for anyone who would rather own businesses than trade tickers.

CoreValue Research publishes independent investment research. It does not manage money for clients, does not solicit or accept funds, and nothing published here is personalised investment advice. Discretionary portfolio management is carried on separately by CoreValue Capital, which also finances this research; its principals invest their own capital in the sector we cover. Readers should form their own view, or take advice from someone licensed to give it.